ArcGIS Desktop is a collection of ESRI software products to create, analyze, manage, and share spatial data as well to create maps, perform spatial analysis, and manage data. The Desktop software suit includes the following applications:
ArcCatalog
Used to organize and manage various types of geographic information as logical collections—for example, the data, maps, and results of your current GIS project that you work with in ArcGIS.
ArcMap
ArcMap is the primary application used in ArcGIS to perform a wide range of common GIS tasks as well as specialized, user-specific tasks. It is also where you display and explore GIS datasets for your study area, where you assign symbols, and where you create map layouts for printing or publication. ArcMap is also the application you use to create and edit datasets.
ArcToolbox
ArcToolbox is a collection of geoprocessing tools for analyzing, editing, and converting data.The tools can be used directly from a dialog, executed via command line, combined with other processes in visual models using Model Builder, or used in advanced scripts.
ArcScene
ArcScene is a 3D visualization application that allows you to view your GIS data in three dimensions. Features are placed in 3D by providing height information from feature geometry, feature attributes, layer properties, or a defined 3D surface, and every layer in the 3D view can be handled differently.
ArcGlobe
ArcGlobe is a 3D visualization application that allows you to view large amounts of GIS data on a globe surface. You can view data covering a global extent and seamlessly zoom in to highly detailed, localized data.
ArcGIS Pro
ArcGIS Pro is newest addition to the ArcGIS Desktop product. Read More>>
Process
Depending on the type of license you have, ArcGIS Desktop allows you to perform number of GIS tasks
Outputs/Resources
Text should include: Essential Reading, Additional Readings, Templates. Examples, Tutorials